Which of the following characterizes signs of depression?

The choice highlighting emptiness and pessimism accurately characterizes signs of depression. Individuals experiencing depression often report feelings of deep sadness, a sense of emptiness, and a negative outlook on life. This emotional state can manifest as a lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and hopelessness about the future.

The other options describe positive emotional states that are typically absent in individuals suffering from depression. Happiness, excitement, and optimism are feelings associated with a positive mental state, contrasting sharply with the experiences of those who feel empty or pessimistic. Understanding the defining characteristics of depression is essential for recognizing the condition in oneself or others, helping to promote awareness and support for those affected.